What you cited at the top was the the means of propulsion, but the means of extracting electrical power from a scramjet, which has no turbine like a traditional jet engine. A magnetohydrodynamic generator mhd generator is a magnetohydrodynamic converter that utilizes a brayton cycle to transform thermal energy and kinetic energy directly into electricity. A magnetohydrodynamic accelerator is an mhd converter that imparts motion to an electrically conductive fluid initially at rest, using cross electric current and magnetic field both applied within the fluid. Magnetohydrodynamic principles are also used in plasma accelerators for ion thrusters for spacecraft propulsion, for lightionbeam powered inertial confinement, and for magnetohydrodynamic power generation. Litchford1 nasa marshall space flight center john t. The word magnetohydrodynamics is comprised of the words magneto meaning magnetic, hydro meaning water or liquid and dynamics referring to the movement of an. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. For mhd generators designed for power plants, optimum mach number ma opt has to be determined from the conditional maximum of. Introduction in general, thermal propulsion systems exhibit attributes of very high power but low specific energy.
Magnetohydrodynamic article about magnetohydrodynamic by. The magnetohydrodynamic mhd propulsion ship by meng han. This phenomenon is at the heart of magnetohydrodynamic. Nuclear electric magnetohydrodynamic propulsion for. The basic electrical characteristics of mhd generators are power output, which is generated in working fluid volume, and local electrical efficiency. The first studies examining mhd in the field of marine propulsion date back to the early 1960s.
He has built theoretical models that predict the hydrodynamic be havior of seawater flow through. Not something ive been involved in directly, but a good question i noted nobody had responded to yet, and i have touched on mhd for spacecraft propulsion and power generation in the distant past, so i will give it a shot. Sep 19, 2006 the caterpillar drive was a fictional magnetohydrodynamic propulsion system. Mhd is related to engineering problems such as plasma confinement, liquidmetal cooling of nuclear reactors, and electromagnetic casting among others.
As all direct conversion processes the mhd generators can also convert thermal energy directly into electricity without moving. Magnetohydrodynamic power generator physics britannica. A magnetohydrodynamic drive or mhd accelerator is a method for propelling vehicles using only electric and magnetic fields with no moving parts, accelerating an electrically conductive propellant liquid or gas with magnetohydrodynamics. Magnetohydrodynamic urbulencet mhd some exacts relationships intermittency mhd approximation crucial role of the magnetic eld in geophysical and astrophysical uid dynamics stellar or solar wind, convective zone of stars, accretion discs, magnetic eld generation by dynamo e ect. Demonstrate magnetohydrodynamic propulsion in a minute. Yamato 1 is the first superconducting electromagnetohydrodynamic mhd propulsion ship in the world.
Magnetohydrodynamic power generation the magnetohydrodynamic power generator8 is a device that generates electric power by means of the interaction of a moving. After trying out our simple demonstration of magnetohydrodynamic mhd propulsion, you might want to make something a little more practical. The dependence of electrical conductivity s upon the working gas. Mhd propulsion has been mostly tested with models of ships and submarines in seawater. Nuclear electric magnetohydrodynamic propulsion for submarine. This is known as the lorentz force, whose magnitude in newtons on any specific charged particle can be calculated by adding the density of the electric field in volts per meter to the instantaneous velocity of the particle in ms, multiplying the. The technology is also famously known as caterpillar drive and was even showcased in the famous movie the hunt for red october. Make a magnetohydrodynamic propulsion boat evil mad. Application to pumps for hazardous fluids and liquidmetal coolants are also discussed. This propulsion system can be applied to a surface ship or a submerged vehicle. They concluded that at higher fields greater than 6 t, practical mhd propulsion systems appear possible.
Mhd propulsion has thus been proposed in seawater for high speed cargo submarines, silent propulsion of naval submarines 6, 7, or high speed ship without any cavitation. Is magnetohydrodynamics a viable type of propulsion for large. The caterpillar drive was a fictional magnetohydrodynamic propulsion system. Magnetohydrodynamic mmd ship propulsion is the process of propelling a vehicular structure by a seawater electromagnetic pump.
To test the mhd propulsion, largescale ships have been built, such as a. Morley the authors wish to acknowledge the generous extraction of material on gaseous mhd power generation from the previous edition, authored by john c. Past efforts in this regard have all come to be dismissed, and rightfully so, primarily for the following two reasons. Is magnetohydrodynamics a viable type of propulsion for. Magnetohydrodynamic mhd power plants offer the potential for largescale electrical power generation. Magnetohydrodynamic propulsion and dimensionless numbers aerodynamics science fair projects, hydrdynamics model experiments for cbse isc stream students and for kids in middle school, elementary school for class 5th grade, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th 10th, 11th, 12th grade and high school, msc and college students. Design and construction of a model electromagnetic submarine pdf report. Magnetohydrodynamic augmented propulsion experiment ron j. The results of this detailed optimization study show that the segmented, annular thruster is the concept with the highest performance levels and greatest efficiency. The attribute of high power derives from exceptionally good chemicaltothermaltokinetic energy. Magnetohydrodynamic mhd propulsion is a means of using electrical current, instead of a noisy propeller, to push a ship through the water. Magnetohydrodynamics basics or mhd in one lecture youve gotta be kidding. Experimental and theoretical study of magnetohydrodynamic ship. Surprisingly enough, a working example of this futuristic drive system is quite easy to build.
Heres how to build a simple little boat that moves through salt water at a snails pace via mhd propulsion. This is my semester project for university physics 2426 at lcc with dr. Magnetohydrodynamic ship propulsion with superconducting. The drive system in principle uses electric current and magnetic fields to force water in a. Review of magnetohydrodynamic pump applications sciencedirect. Introduction to magnetohydrodynamics mhd antoine cerfon, courant institute, new york university email. This is my first attempt at a magnetohydrodynamic propulsion system made with common household supplies. This thesis discussed an investigation of superconducting technology for a shipboard magnetohydrodynamic propulsion system. This publication is a corporate document that should be cited in the literature in the following manner. Sep 22, 2006 windell writes after trying out our simple demonstration of magnetohydrodynamic mhd propulsion, you might want to make something a little more practical. Mhd propulsion has thus been proposed in seawater for high speed cargo submarines 5, silent propulsion of naval submarines 6,7, or high speed ship without any cavitation 8.
The fusion driven rocket this is certainly not the first time that fusion energy has been proposed as the ultimate solution for rapid manned space travel. Magnetohydrodynamic mhd power generation process is basically based on the physics background of space plasma. A computational magnetohydrodynamic model of a gasdynamic fusion space propulsion system by chad j. The scaling relations for the electrical and hydraulic efficiencies of mhd pumpjets show that overall efficiencies 50% are feasible at speeds of 40 knots and higher provided that magnetic fields 5t can be. Pdf magnetohydrodynamics or simply mhd is a field of science that. Magnetohydrodynamic electromagnetic pulse assessment of.
In the laboratory, magnetohydrodynamics is important in the magnetic confinement of plasmas in experiments on controlled thermonuclear fusion. Analytical study of magnetohydrodynamic propulsion stability. The question of efficiency is an essential one since the electrical rocket uses energy provided by some power supply, and if it does not use it efficiently the power. Typical efficiencies of mhd generators are around 10 to 20 percent mainly due. Magnetohydrodynamic methods and apparatus for propelling a vehicle including. An mhd generator produces a direct current output which needs an expensive high power inverter to convert the output into alternating current for connection to the grid. Magnetohydrodynamic article about magnetohydrodynamic. Magnetohydrodynamic submarine propulsion systems request pdf. Comparisons are made with directdrive mhd propulsion systems. Us3322374a magnetohydrodynamic propulsion apparatus. A magnetohydrodynamic drive or mhd accelerator is a method for propelling vehicles using. The fluid is directed to the rear and as a reaction, the vehicle accelerates forward the first studies examining mhd in the field of marine propulsion date.
Typical efficiencies of mhd generators are around 10 to 20 percent mainly due to the heat lost through the high temperature exhaust. Lineberry2 lytec, llc over the past several years, efforts have been under way to design and develop an operationally flexible research facility for investigating the use of crossfield mhd. At this level of mhd interaction, steady plasma acceleration is best invoked through externally imposed crossed electric and magnetic fields. Magnetohydrodynamic power generator, any of a class of devices that generate electric power by means of the interaction of a moving fluid usually an ionized gas or plasma and a magnetic field. Apr 15, 2018 magnetohydrodynamics mhd is the physicalmathematical framework that concerns the dynamics of magnetic fields in electrically conducting fluids, e. It follows from this condition that optimum flow is subsonic ma opt 1 for molecular gases. The mhd force propelling the ship can be generated in various ways.
Magnetohydrodynamic augmented propulsion experiment. Magneto hydrodynamic is a technology by which a ship can be propelled using magnetic power. The magnetohydrodynamic power generator8 is a device that generates electric power by means of the interaction of a moving fluid usually a ionized gas or plasma and a magnetic field. The magnetohydrodynamic drive is realand you can build one all you need is a battery, a magnet, and some wires to build your own quasifictional submarine drive. Apr 17, 2017 not something ive been involved in directly, but a good question i noted nobody had responded to yet, and i have touched on mhd for spacecraft propulsion and power generation in the distant past, so i will give it a shot. Inductiondrive magnetohydrodynamic propulsion springerlink. A magnetohydrodynamic mhd drive is an engine with no moving parts that creates thrust by accelerating a charged fluid with an electromagnetic field. Based on the principles of magnetohydrodynamics mhd, the concept of open water efficiency was used to optimize the preliminary design of a mhd thruster. Propulsive efficiencies of magnetohydrodynamic submerged. Magnetohydrodynamic propulsion and dimensionless numbers. March 12 2007 swinburne 1 magnetohydrodynamics basics or mhd in one lecture youve gotta be kidding.
Magnetohydrodynamic propulsion apparatus filed sept. Magnetohydrodynamic electromagnetic pulse assessment of the continental u. Windell writes after trying out our simple demonstration of magnetohydrodynamic mhd propulsion, you might want to make something a little more practical. A magnetohydrodynamic drive or mhd propulsor is a method for propelling seagoing vessels using only electric and magnetic fields with no moving parts, using magnetohydrodynamics.
In this project, i investigated water emf and found the. The working principle involves electrification of the propellant gas or water which can then be directed by a magnetic field, pushing the vehicle in the opposite. The simplest one, the socalled conductive system, imposes both steady magnetic and electric fields. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. See more ideas about ion thruster, evil mad scientist and physics 101. Jan 09, 2016 this is my first attempt at a magnetohydrodynamic propulsion system made with common household supplies. A novel concept with a bright future, magneto hydrodynamic technology is one of the most promising alternate propulsion systems for ships in the market today. Experimental and theoretical study of magnetohydrodynamic. Mhd generators are different from traditional electric generators in that they operate without moving parts e. The basic principle is the faradays law of electromagnetic induction. An ac magnetohydrodynamic micropump article pdf available in sensors and actuators b chemical 633. Apr 08, 2011 this is my semester project for university physics 2426 at lcc with dr.